LITERATURES
LITERATURES

Natural Flake Graphite

Natural flake graphite is a mineral that originates deep within the Earth's crust and upper mantle, formed through the transformation of carbonaceous precursors under significant heat and pressure. Specifically, this type of graphite crystallizes when subjected to pressures around 75,000 pounds per square inch and temperatures near 750 degrees Celsius, conditions characteristic of the granulite metamorphic facies. It manifests as isolated, flat, plate-like particles, displaying hexagonal or angular edges, and is predominantly found within metamorphic rocks such as limestone, gneiss, and schist, where it is evenly distributed across the ore body.

 

The extraction of these ores hinges on the carbon content within the metamorphic rocks, followed by a series of processes including grinding, acid flotation, chemical purification, drying, sizing, and packaging. Through these methods, natural flake graphite with a graphitic carbon content ranging from 80% to 99% is produced, ready for various industrial uses.

 

Characterized by its flaky morphology, natural flake graphite appears as distinct flakes, varying in size from microns to as large as 1-2.5 mm. The size of the graphite flake is crucial for its industrial applications, with larger flakes being rarer and more commercially sought after than their smaller counterparts. Consequently, maximizing the production of large flakes is a priority for graphite producers to enhance the commercial value of their deposits.

 

Market availability of natural flake graphite is differentiated by purity and particle size, catering to a broad spectrum of industrial applications, including use in refractory linings, lubricants, foundry coatings, and notably, in lithium-ion batteries, among others. Each application demands specific purity and size specifications to meet industry standards.

 

The global supply of natural flake graphite is concentrated in a few key countries, with China leading in terms of production and supply, accounting for approximately 65% of the world's current output. Other significant producers are growing very quickly in the past few years. 

 

Natural Amorphous Graphite

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Natural Amorphous Graphite

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Carbon is everywhere!

Carbon is everywhere!

Carbon is a fundamental chemical element, symbolized by "C" and positioned in group 14 of the periodic table. It has an atomic number of 6, with an atomic mass of approximately 12.01 g/mol, making it a lightweight, nonmetallic, and tetravalent element—characteristics that allow it to form four bonds with other atoms due to the four electrons present in its outer shell. Remarkably, carbon ranks as the 17th most plentiful element on Earth and is second in abundance within the human body, underscoring its biological and geological significance.

Green Coke

Green Coke

Coke, in this context, refers not to a beverage but to a form of amorphous carbon used in metal production and for creating various carbon-based materials, known as metallurgical coke or green petroleum coke.

Calcined Petroleum Coke

Calcined Petroleum Coke

The calcination process plays a crucial role in transforming green petroleum coke into calcined petroleum coke (CPC), a material essential for various high-end industrial uses, including the manufacture of specialty graphite and anodes for the aluminum sector. This transformation is achieved by heating the coke to temperatures between 1200°C and 1400°C, a process that removes volatile compounds, resulting in a denser and less porous material. The characteristics of the starting green coke, especially its content of volatile matter and sulfur, significantly influence the final product's vibrated bulk density (VBD). A higher quality of green coke, characterized by lower levels of volatiles and sulfur, leads to a calcined coke with higher bulk density and lower porosity, desirable for applications requiring superior material performance.

Synthetic Graphite

Synthetic Graphite

In today's world, the ubiquitous presence of synthetic graphite in our daily lives often goes unnoticed, from the phones in our hands to the cars we drive. This form of graphite is integral to numerous specialized industries, serving as conductive electrodes in steel production, electrical components in medical devices, essential elements in lubricants, and as main cathodes in lithium-ion batteries, among other applications.

Natural Amorphous Graphite

Natural Amorphous Graphite

Amorphous graphite is a form of graphite that is distinguished by its microcrystalline structure, found within mesomorphic rocks such as coal, slate, and shale. Its carbon content varies and is directly influenced by the composition of the parent material. In coal, its formation is attributed to the thermal metamorphism that results in meta-anthracite. Unlike coal, however, amorphous graphite does not serve as a fuel source due to its challenging ignition properties. In the marketplace, amorphous graphite typically showcases purity levels ranging between 70% and 85%.

Natural Flake Graphite

Natural Flake Graphite

Natural flake graphite is a mineral that originates deep within the Earth's crust and upper mantle, formed through the transformation of carbonaceous precursors under significant heat and pressure. Specifically, this type of graphite crystallizes when subjected to pressures around 75,000 pounds per square inch and temperatures near 750 degrees Celsius, conditions characteristic of the granulite metamorphic facies. It manifests as isolated, flat, plate-like particles, displaying hexagonal or angular edges, and is predominantly found within metamorphic rocks such as limestone, gneiss, and schist, where it is evenly distributed across the ore body.

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